Heidelberg Disputations: Theses 13-15 “Freedom from Our Free Will” — February 22, 2026

Thesis 13: “After the fall, free will exists only as a concept, and as long as it acts in accordance with itself, commits a deadly sin.”

Thesis 14: “After the fall, free will only has the power to passively do good, but it is always able to actively do evil.”

Thesis 15: “Further still, free will could not remain in a state of innocence, much less actively do good, but the will is only able to do good passively.”

Heidelberg Disputations: Theses 9-12 — Dead Works, True Fear, and Real Hope

Thesis 9: “To say that works without Christ are indeed dead but not mortal sins seems a perilous rejection of the fear of God.”

Thesis 10: “Indeed, it is very difficult to see how a work can be dead and at the same time not a culpable, or mortal sin.”

Thesis 11: “Arrogance cannot be avoided nor can true hope be present, unless the judgment of damnation is feared in every work.”

Thesis 12: “As a consequence, in the sight of God sins are truly venial when human beings fear them as mortal.”